Astronomy by Pratyush Khare

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Kuiper Belt Both  2014 MU69  (nicknamed “Ultima Thule” and recenly visited by NASA's New Horizons mission) and  Pluto  are in the Kuiper Belt—a donut-shaped region of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. There may be millions of these icy objects, collectively referred to as Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) or trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs), in this distant region of our solar system. Similar to the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt is a region of leftovers from the solar system's early history. Like asteroid belt, it has also been shaped by a giant planet, although it's more of a thick disk (like a donut) than a thin belt. The Kuiper Belt shouldn't be confused with the  Oort Cloud , which is a much more distant region of icy, comet-like bodies that surrounds the solar system, including the Kuiper Belt. Both the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt are thought to be sources of comets. The Kuiper Belt is truly a frontier in space -- it's a place we're still just...

The Sun The Sun — the heart of our solar system — is a yellow dwarf star, a hot ball of glowing gases. The connection and interactions between the Sun and Earth drive the seasons, ocean currents, weather, climate, radiation belts and aurorae. Though it is special to us, there are billions of stars like our Sun scattered across the Milky Way galaxy.Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris in its orbit. Electric currents in the Sun generate a magnetic field that is carried out through the solar system by the solar wind—a stream of electrically charged gas blowing outward from the Sun in all directions.. The Sun is a yellow dwarf star, a hot ball of glowing gases at the heart of our solar system. Its gravity holds the solar system together, keeping everything – from the biggest planets to the smallest particles of debris – in its orbit. The connection and interactions between the Sun and Earth d...

Solar System Our solar system is planetary system that orbits a star and all of the objects that travel around it—eight planets, dozens of moons and millions of asteroids, comets and meteoroids. Most stars host their own planets, so there are likely tens of billions of other solar systems in the Milky Way galaxy alone. We've discovered  thousands of planetary systems around other stars . The planetary system we call home is located in an outer spiral arm of the vast Milky Way galaxy. It consists of the Sun (our star) and everything that orbits around it. This includes the eight planets and their natural satellites (such as our moon), dwarf planets and their satellites, as well as asteroids, comets and countless particles of smaller debris. Size and Distance Our solar system extends much farther than the eight planets that orbit the Sun. The solar system also includes the Kuiper Belt that lies past Neptune's orbit. This is a sparsely occupied ring of icy bodies, alm...

Refractors How Refraction Works Light  travels through a  vacuum  at its maximum speed of about 3.0 × 10 8  m/s, and in a straight path. Light travels at slower speeds through different materials, such as glass or air. When traveling from one medium to another, some light will be reflected at the surface of the new medium. The light that continues through the new medium will either speed up or slow down depending on how fast it can travel through each medium. For example, light travels more quickly through air than through water. The  refractive index  of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium. The higher the refractive index, the more light is slowed down by the substance.  Index of Refraction for Some Common Substances  Substance  Index of Refraction Vacuum  1 Air  1.0003 Water  1.3 Ethyl alcohol  1.4 Ice  1.3 Glass  1.5 Diamond ...